The Visual Art Of The Twentieth Century - 2096 Words

Introduction The visual art of the twentieth century, known as modernism, was often thought of as being in a state of uncertainty or crisis. According to Robert Hughes, the key word for this new century was â€Å"modernity† meaning to believe in technology and not craft , as machines with their â€Å"fast, metallic, elastic [and] warm† appearances were new and fascinating to people at this time. The causes of the major turning point within the visual arts at this time was due to changes such as the invention and mass production of new technology and its influence on people. As well as the impact of war, the discovery of new information and the development of various concepts such as the possibility of a fourth dimension, as well as the exploration of the conscious and unconscious mind also influenced modern art. The art movements that resulted from this period in which times were changing rapidly included Futurism, a movement that embraced machinery and praised war, Cubism, which aimed to display a variety of possible viewpoints of an object or figure, Dada, an anti-war movement created amid World War I, with the aesthetics of the artwork considered secondary to the ideas conveyed, and Surrealism, described as an â€Å"impatient interrogation of reality† which aimed to recognise desire. Various artists from various art movements demonstrated elements of this perceived crisis within their works in order to question the world and challenge society in different ways. Futurism FuturismShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 Pagesof cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel and the theatre of the absurd. Modernism as a world based on the principles of urbanism (the cult of the city), technologism (the cult of the industry), primitivism (the cult of the underdeveloped roleRead MoreEssay about Interwar Avant-Garde Artwork And Its Community Impact852 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"art and life† aspects of the interwar avant-garde are an advanced socially trivial form of art which to a bigger extent is symbolic of the visual setting of the human community. It is the art of expressionism in any artistic work which greatly influence its adaptation by the target audience. It has been evidently claimed that most artistic works of the early twentieth century have had a number of varied themes all encompassing the political environment of the time. The interwar avant-garde isRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Twentieth Century1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe beginning of the twentieth century marked a significant event not just in the changes of ideology, technology, but also the way artists approach art. Communism and Fascism were on the rise and technological advances held strong since the industrial revolution. However, â€Å"The need for a wholesale new approach to art in the nineteenth century arose as the traditional forms of art were borne down on by new conditions and experiences.† (21) became apparent. To satisfy this need artists took many differentRead MoreThe Role Of Visual Arts For Stage Interventions Into The Representation Of The Female Self722 Words   |  3 Pagesmirror in visual art, with particular reference to the portray al of women.†¨By drawing from the field of art and literature featuring the mirror and reflection, I will be looking at how the work of contemporary women artists and photographers challenged traditional attitudes and practices. This dissertation will be about women who use visual arts to stage interventions into the representation of the ‘female self’.†¨The female body and mirror have repeatedly featured in visual art over the centuries. It isRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement in European and American art, literature, and culture. It started from wide scale and far reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. World War 1 is often seen as a starting event of Modernism. The devastation of Western Civilization in the great war accelerated and strengthened Modernist thinking. Modernism was the most influential literary movement in England and America during the first half of the twentieth century. It had works such as The WasteRead MoreThe Bauhaus : Art Education By Influencing Graphic, Interior, And Typography Design1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bauhaus affected art education by influencing graphic, interior, and typography design. It is said that it inspired the rise of many other art schools. In this paper there will be specific information discussed to help each reader in understanding the history of the Bauhaus. Let’s start with a little bit of the back-story of the Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. In 1919 the Bauhaus, a German word meaning house of building, was a school founded in Weimar, Germany by architect WalterRead MoreThe New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance879 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced literatur e, music, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, â€Å"more than six million African Americans† traveled from â€Å"the rural South to theRead MoreThe Diversity Of Art Development1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Diversity of Art Development: An Analysis of WWI’s Contribution â€Å"World War I was not inevitable, as many historians say. It could have been avoided, and it was a diplomatically botched negotiation,† once said Richard Holbrooke, an American diplomat. Many people worldwide agree with Mr. Holbrooke, believing WWI to be a waste of human lives. Known for its ridiculous start fueled by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, its huge impact on numerous countries earned it the title of the Great WarRead More Appropriation of Images in Art Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages The appropriation of images in art is a phenomenon new to the twentieth century. Found objects, contemporary images, and images from the past are all appropriated by artists and used in their work. Three twentieth century artists, Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol and Robert Rauschenburg are all very influential and appropriators. Although these artists appropriated many different images for many different reasons there is one image that they all have in common, the Mona Lisa. Each of these artistsRead MoreWorld War I Was Not Inevitable1681 Words   |  7 Pages such as its art. Not only were new movements created, but also new styles of existing forms of art resulted from the war. Because of the different ways that art developed both on and off of the battlefield during the Great War, WWI is one of the most influential wars on the development of art in the twentieth century. Art in World War I was observed in many forms, from photography to art movements on the home fronts of many countries. What many people did not realize is that art was also used

The Last Dance Chapter One Free Essays

It is Palmer who makes the first contact, toward the end of September. He tells Cynthia on the telephone that he’s had a transatlantic call from Norman Zimmer, who’s producing a musical based on Jenny’s Room, is she familiar with . . We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Dance Chapter One or any similar topic only for you Order Now . ? â€Å"Yes, he’s been in touch,† Cynthia says. â€Å"I hate to bother you this way,† he says, â€Å"but from what I understand, the project may be stalled because of your father’s intransigence.† â€Å"Yes, I know.† â€Å"It does seem a shame, doesn’t it?† he says. â€Å"All these people who’d stand to earn a little money.† â€Å"I know,† Cynthia says. â€Å"Couldn’t you talk with him?† â€Å"I have,† she says. â€Å"He won’t budge.† â€Å"It does seem a pity.† â€Å"He’s protecting Jessica, you see.† â€Å"Who’s that?† â€Å"Jessica Miles. The woman who wrote the original play. He feels she wouldn’t have wanted the musical done again.† â€Å"Really? Why’s that?† 263 I3d McBain â€Å"Because it was so awful.† â€Å"Oh, I don’t think so, do youl I’ve read my grandfather’s book, and I’ve also heard the songs. It’s really quite good, you know. Besides, they’re having new songs written, and a new book, and—well, it’s truly a shame. Because I think it has a really good shot, you know. I think we can all become quite rich, actually. If it’s done.† There is a crackling on the line. She tries to visualize London. She has never been there. She imagines chimney pots and cobblestoned streets. She imagines men with soot-stained collars and women in long hour-glass gowns. She imagines Big Ben chiming the hour, regattas on the Thames. She imagines all these things. And imagines going there one day. â€Å"Couldn’t you please talk with him again?† Palmer says. It is she who makes the next call, sometime early in October. He has just come home from work, it is seven o’clock there in London, only two in the afternoon here in America. He tells her he works for â€Å"the last of the publishers in Bedford Square,† a line she surmises he has used often before. In fact, there is something about the way he speaks that makes everything sound studied and prepared, as if he has learned a part and is merely acting it. A lack of spontaneity, she supposes, something that makes whatever he says seem artificial and rehearsed, as if there is nothing of substance behind the words. â€Å"Have you seen him again?† he asks. â€Å"Several times,† she says. â€Å"And?† â€Å"Dead end.† â€Å"Mmm.† â€Å"He won’t listen to reason. He says the play is a sacred trust. . .† â€Å"Nonsense.† â€Å"It’s what he believes.† 264 The Last Dance â€Å"She must have written it in the year dot.† â€Å"Nineteen twenty-three.† â€Å"Norman tells me it’s bloody awful.† â€Å"My father thinks it’s simply wonderful.† â€Å"Well, as the old maid said when she kissed the cow . . .† â€Å"It’s a shame this had to come along just now, though. The opportunity, I mean. To have the musical revived.† â€Å"How do you mean?† â€Å"Well †¦ ten years from now would have been so much better.† â€Å"I don’t under . . .† â€Å"Never mind, I shouldn’t have said that.† â€Å"I’m sorry, I still don’t . . .† â€Å"It’s just . . . my father isn’t in the best of health, you see.† â€Å"That’s too bad.† â€Å"And 7 certainly don’t have the same problems he has.† â€Å"Problems? What . . . ?† â€Å"With the play. With it being done as a musical. I have no emotional ties to Jessica Miles, you see. I never even met the woman. What I’m saying is I don’t give a damn about her play. In fact, I’d love to see the musical revived.† â€Å"But what’s ten years from now got to †¦ ?† â€Å"My father’s leaving the rights to me.† â€Å"Oh?† â€Å"To her play. When he dies. It’s in his will.† â€Å"I see.† â€Å"Yes.† There was a long silence. â€Å"But† she said. â€Å"It isn’t ten years from now, is it?† â€Å"No, it isn’t,† Palmer says. 265 Ed McBain â€Å"It’s now,† she says. â€Å"Yes,† he says. â€Å"So it is.† He calls her again on the eighteenth of October. It is midnight here in America, he tells her it’s five a.m. there in London, but he hasn’t been able to sleep. â€Å"I’ve been thinking a lot about your father,† he says. â€Å"Me, too,† she says. â€Å"It seems such a pity he won’t let go of those rights, doesn’t it? Forgive me, but have you made your position absolutely clear to him? Have you told him your feelings about having this musical done?† â€Å"Oh, yes, a thousand times.† â€Å"I mean †¦ he must realize, don’t you imagine, that the moment he’s passed on †¦ forgive me †¦ you’ll do bloody well what you like with the play. Doesn’t he realize that?† â€Å"I’m sure he does.† â€Å"It does seem unfair, doesn’t it?† â€Å"It does.† â€Å"Especially since he’s in bad health.† â€Å"Two heart attacks.† â€Å"You’d think he’d hand over the play immediately, why wouldn’t he? With his blessings. Here you are, Cynthia, do with it as you wish.† â€Å"His only child,† Cynthia said. â€Å"One would think so.† â€Å"But he won’t.† â€Å"Well, when they get to be a certain age . . .† â€Å"It isn’t that. He’s just a stubborn old fool. Sometimes I wish . . .† She lets the sentence trail. He waits. â€Å"Sometimes I wish he’d die tomorrow,† she says. There is another silence. â€Å"I’m sure you don’t mean that,† he says. 266 The Last Dance â€Å"I suppose not.† â€Å"I’m sure you don’t.† â€Å"But I do,† she says. There is a Jamaican named Charles Colworthy who works in the mail room with Palmer, and he knows another Jamaican named Delroy Lewis, who knows yet another Jamaican named John Bridges, who by all accounts is what they call a â€Å"Yardie,† which Palmer explains is British slang for any young Jamaican male involved in violence and drugs. â€Å"I wouldn’t want him hurt,† Cynthia says at once. â€Å"Of course not.† â€Å"You said violence.† â€Å"He’s assured me it will be painless.† â€Å"You’ve met him?† â€Å"Several times.† â€Å"What’s his name?† â€Å"John Bridges. He’s quite ready to do it for us. If you still want to go ahead with it.† â€Å"I’ve given it a lot of thought.† â€Å"So have I.† â€Å"It does seem the right thing, doesn’t it, Gerry?† â€Å"Yes.† There is a long silence. It all seems to be happening too quickly. â€Å"When . . . when would he do it?† â€Å"Sometime before the end of the month. He’ll need an introduction. You’d have to arrange that.† â€Å"An introduction?† â€Å"To your father.† â€Å"Is he black?† â€Å"Yes. But very light skinned.† â€Å"I don’t know any black people, you see.† â€Å"Very pale eyes,† Palmer says. â€Å"A lovely smile. 267 Ed McBain All you need do is introduce him. He’ll take care of the rest.† â€Å"It’s just that I don’t know any black people.† â€Å"Well . . .† â€Å"I wouldn’t know what to say.† â€Å"Just say he’s a friend of yours from London.† â€Å"I’ve never been to London.† â€Å"A friend of a friend, you could say. Who’ll be there for a few days. Who you wanted your father to meet. Is what you could say.† â€Å"Why would anyone want to meet my father?† â€Å"You could say he once worked in a hospital here. Just as your father did. That would give them something in common. I’ll give you the name of a hospital here in London.† â€Å"I’ve never introduced my father to anyone in my life.† â€Å"It would just be to put him off guard.† â€Å"He’d be suspicious.† â€Å"Just someone you’d like him to meet. A nurse. Just as your father was.† â€Å"He won’t hurt him, will he?† â€Å"No, no, you needn’t worry.† â€Å"When did you say it would be?† â€Å"Well, he’ll come as soon as we authorize it. He’ll want half of his fee beforehand, half after it’s done.† â€Å"How much did he say?† â€Å"Five thousand.† â€Å"Is that a lot?† â€Å"I think it’s reasonable. Dollars, that is. Not pounds.† â€Å"I wouldn’t want him hurt,† she says again. â€Å"No, he won’t be.† â€Å"Well.† â€Å"But I have to let him know.† â€Å"What do you think we should do?† â€Å"I think we should go ahead with it. Twenty-five 268 The Last Dance hundred dollars is a lot of money to me, but I look upon this as a serious investment. . .† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å". . . an opportunity to advance myself. I can’t speak for you, of course . . . but. . .I’ve never really had very much in my life, Cynthia. I work in the post room, I don’t get invited to very many balls at Windsor. If this show is a hit, everything would change for me. My life would become . . . well . . . glamorous.† â€Å"Yes,† she said. â€Å"I think we should do it,† he said. â€Å"I truly do.† â€Å"Well then . . .† â€Å"What I’ll do, if you agree, I’ll give John my half of the fee just before he leaves London, and you can pay him the rest when he’s done it. There in America. Afterward. Would you be happy with that?† â€Å"I guess so.† â€Å"Shall I call him then?† â€Å"Well . . .† â€Å"Tell him we’re going ahead with it?† â€Å"Yes.† Now, sitting in the lieutenant’s office with her lawyer and the detectives, she lowers her eyes and says, â€Å"John was very charming. He and my father hit it off right away. But he caused me a lot of trouble later. Because he said it would look like an accident, and it didn’t.† Gerald Palmer called the British Consulate the moment the cops told him what charges they were bringing against him. The consul who came over was named Geoffrey Holden, a somewhat portly man in his mid-forties, stroking a bristly mustache that made him look like a cavalry colonel. He took off his heavy overcoat and hung it on a corner rack. Under it, he was wearing a somber gray suit with a vest and a bright yellow tie. He 269 Ed McBain told Palmer this was his first DBN of the week, which letters he jovially explained stood for Distressed British National. â€Å"Murder, eh?† he said. â€Å"Who’d you kill?† â€Å"I haven’t killed anyone† Palmer said. â€Å"Don’t be a bloody fool.† â€Å"Let me explain how American law works,† Holden said. â€Å"If you actually hired someone to kill someone else, then you’re as guilty as the person pulling the trigger. Murder for hire is first-degree murder, and the penalty is death by lethal injection. They use Valium. A massive dose that stops the heart. Conspiracy to commit murder is another A-felony. If you did either or both of these things . . .† â€Å"I didn’t.† â€Å"I was about to say you’d be in very deep trouble. If you did these things. Which you say you didn’t.† â€Å"That’s right.† â€Å"Being British is no excuse, by the way. It doesn’t entitle you to immunity.† â€Å"I don’t need immunity. I haven’t done anything.† â€Å"Well, good then. D’you know anyone named John Bridges?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"They seem to think you know him.† â€Å"I don’t.† â€Å"How about a man named Charles Colworthy?† Palmer’s eyes opened wide. â€Å"Supposed to work with you at Martins and Grenville. Good publishers, eh? D’you know him?† Palmer was thinking it over. â€Å"The way they have it,† Holden said, â€Å"Colworthy knows someone named Delroy Lewis, who put you in touch with this Bridges chap to whom you and Cynthia Keating together paid five thousand dollars to kill her father. But that isn’t so, is it?† 270 The Last Dance â€Å"Well, I know Colworthy, yes. But . . .† â€Å"Ah, you do?† â€Å"Yes. We work together in the post room. But I certainly didn’t hire . . .† â€Å"That’s good. I’ll just tell them they’ve made a mistake.† â€Å"Where’d they get those names, anyway?† â€Å"From the woman.† â€Å"What woman?† â€Å"Cynthia Keating,† Holden said, and hooked his thumbs into his vest pockets. â€Å"She’s ratted you out.† Palmer looked at him. â€Å"But if you had nothing to do with this . . .† â€Å"Just a minute. What do you mean? Just because she gave them the name of someone I work with . . .† â€Å"The other man as well. Delroy Lewis. The one leading directly to Bridges. Who killed her father.† â€Å"Well, the only one / know is Charlie. He’s the one I work with. I may have mentioned his name to her. In casual conversation. If so, she must have contacted him on her own.† â€Å"Ah,† Holden said, and nodded. â€Å"To ask if he might know anyone who’d help kill her father, is that it?† â€Å"Well, I †¦ I’m sure I don’t know what she asked him.† , â€Å"Called London to arrange his murder, is that how you see it?† â€Å"I don’t see it any way at all. I’m merely trying to explain . . .† â€Å"Yes, that you, personally, had nothing to do with this.† â€Å"Nothing whatever.† â€Å"So Mrs Keating is lying to them. Has lied to them, in fact. She’s accepted a deal, you see. They’ve dropped the conspiracy charge and lowered the murder charge to second degree. Twenty to life, with a recommendation 271 Ed McBain for parole.â€Å" Holden paused. †They might even offer you the same deal. Then again, perhaps not.† Palmer looked at him. â€Å"Because of the related murder.† Palmer kept looking at him. â€Å"They seem to think you did that one personally. The old lady. Martha Coleridge. I have no idea where she fits into the scheme of things, but apparently she was threatening a plagiarism suit. Do you know the woman I mean?† â€Å"Yes,† Palmer said. â€Å"That would constitute a second count of first-degree murder,† Holden said, and stroked his mustache. â€Å"So I doubt if they’d offer you the same deal, after all.† â€Å"I’m not looking for a deal.† â€Å"Why should you be? You haven’t done anything.† â€Å"That’s right.† â€Å"I’ll just tell them to forget it.† â€Å"Of course. They have no proof.† â€Å"Well, they have the woman’s confession. Which implicates you, of course. And our chaps may get something more from Bridges, if ever they find him. They’re looking for him now, apparently. In Euston. He lives in Euston.† Palmer fell silent again. â€Å"You won’t be granted bail, you realize,† Holden said. â€Å"You’re a foreigner implicated in murder, no one’s going to risk your running. In fact, till the dust settles one way or another, they’ll want your passport.† He sighed heavily, said, â€Å"Well, I’ll see about finding a lawyer for you,† and went to the corner where he’d hung his overcoat. Shrugging into it, buttoning it, his back to Palmer, he said, â€Å"You wouldn’t possibly have anything to †¦ offer them, would you?† â€Å"How do you mean?† Holden turned toward him. 272 The Last Dance â€Å"Well,† he said, â€Å"I must tell you, with the woman’s confession, they have more than enough for an indictment. It’ll go worse for you if they catch up with the Jamaican and flip him as well, but even so they’ve got a quite decent case.† â€Å"But I haven’t done anything.† â€Å"Right. Keep forgetting that. Sorry. Let me talk to them.† He opened the door, hesitated, turned to Palmer again, and said, â€Å"You wouldn’t know anything about this little black girl who got stabbed up in Diamondback, would you?† Palmer merely looked at him. â€Å"Althea Cleary? Because they like to tidy things up, you see. If you can tell them anything about that murder . . . they’re not trying to implicate you in it, by the way, they seem to think the Jamaican did that one all on his own. Got into some sort of argument with the girl, lost his temper. Whatever.† His voice lowered. â€Å"But if he mentioned anything about it to you . . . perhaps before he went back to London †¦ it might be worth a deal, hm?† Palmer said nothing. His voice almost a whisper, Holden said, â€Å"He’s just a Yardie, y’know.† Palme’r sat as still as a stone. â€Å"Well, I suppose not,† Holden said. It suddenly occurred to him that the man was simply very stupid. He sighed again, and went out of the room. In the squadroom, they were speculating about what might have happened to Althea Cleary. â€Å"She takes the Jamaican back to her apartment,† Parker suggested. â€Å"He drops the rope in her drink, figures he’s home free. But while he’s waiting for it to take effect, 273 Ed McBam she casually mentions she’s a working girl and this is gonna cost him two bills. He’s offended because he’s never had to pay for it in his life, male or female. So he stabs her.† â€Å"That’s possible,† Brown said, â€Å"but you’re forgetting something.† â€Å"What’s that?† â€Å"He’s gay.† â€Å"He’s bi.† â€Å"He thinks he’s bi.† â€Å"He wouldn’ta been there if he wasn’t bi,† Parker insisted. â€Å"He gets into the apartment,† Brown said, undaunted, â€Å"drops the pills, and starts moving on her. Trouble is he’s gay. She doesn’t excite him. He can’t perform. So he loses his temper and jukes her.† â€Å"Well, that’s a possibility,† Meyer said, â€Å"but something else could’ve happened, too.† â€Å"What’s that?† â€Å"Bridges drops the pills, right? Five minutes or so, the girl starts feeling funny. She accuses him of having put something in her drink. He panics, grabs a knife from the counter, lets her have it.† â€Å"Yeah, maybe,† Kling said, â€Å"but here’s what / think happened. He gets in the apartment . . .† â€Å"Who’s for pizza?† Parker asked. â€Å"They profile a Yardie as someone who enters the country carrying a forged or stolen British passport,† Carella said. â€Å"Usually—but not necessarily—he’s a black man from Jamaica, somewhere between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five. He’s either got a record already . . .† â€Å"Does Bridges have one?† Byrnes asked. â€Å"Nobody by that name in their files. They said he may be a new kid on the block, there’s a constant flow. Most of 274 The Last Dance them are in the drug trade. Getting rope would’ve been a walk in the park for him.† â€Å"Is he wanted for anything?† â€Å"Not by the Brits. Not so far, anyway.† â€Å"Give him time,† Byrnes said. â€Å"Meanwhile, he’s running around London someplace.† â€Å"Or Manchester.† â€Å"Or wherever. Actually, we don’t need him, Pete. Nellie says the overt act is enough.† â€Å"Conspiracy and the overt act, yes.† â€Å"Which she’s already got.† â€Å"So let the Queen’s mother worry,† Byrnes said. Ollie felt very nervous, like a teenager about to ask for a first date. He dialed the number on the card she’d given him, and let the phone ring three, four, five . . . â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"Miss Hobson?† he said. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"This is Detective Weeks. We talked about piano lessons, do you remember?† â€Å"No. Detective whoT â€Å"Weeks. Oliver Wendell Weeks. I was investigating the murder of Althea Cleary, do you remember? Big Ollie, they sometimes call me,† he said, which was a lie. â€Å"I wanted to learn five songs, remember?† â€Å"Oh. Yes,† she said. â€Å"I still do.† â€Å"I see,† she said. â€Å"I got a list we can pick from,† he said. â€Å"Did you find him?† â€Å"Who do you mean, Miss Hobson?† â€Å"Whoever killed Althea.† â€Å"He’s in London just now. We’re leaving it to the 275 Ed McBain bobbies there, they’re supposed to be very good. When can we start, Miss Hobson?† â€Å"That depends on which songs you want to learn.† â€Å"Oh, they’re easy ones, don’t worry.† â€Å"That’s so reassuring,† she said drily. â€Å"But which ones are they exactly?† â€Å"Guess,† he said, and grinned into the mouthpiece. They had no idea they were in the middle of a race riot until it was full upon them. Until that moment, they’d been peacefully watching television and drifting off to sleep, Kling knowing he was due back in the squadroom at eight tomorrow, Sharyn knowing her day would start at about the same time in her office at 24 Rankin Plaza, neither anticipating an explosion, each surprised when it came. A panel of talking heads was offering its collective opinion on the war, the election, the wedding, the crash, the trial, the disaster, the game, the whatever because in America, it wasn’t enough merely to present the news, you then had to have half a dozen commentators parading their thoughts on what the news had just been all about. Over the background din, Kling was telling Sharyn there’d been an extraordinary number of people informing on other people in this case they’d just wrapped, a veritable chorus of rats singing to whoever would listen, when all at once a blond woman on the panel said something about the â€Å"so-called blue wall of silence,† and Sharyn said, â€Å"Shhh,† and someone else on the panel, a black man, shouted that the blue wall of silence wouldn’t be holding in the Milagros case if the victim had been white, and someone else, a white man, shouted, â€Å"This poor victim you’re talking about is a murdererl† and Kling said, â€Å"Milagros is one of the guys I mean,† and Sharyn said â€Å"Shhh† again, when all he’d 276 The Last Dance wanted to say was that Hector Milagros had been given up by Maxie Blaine who’d been given up by Betty Young in a case virtually defined by perpetual snitchery. â€Å"You don’t know whether those men who went in there were white or black!† someone on the panel shouted. â€Å"You don’t even know if they were actually copsl† someone else shouted. â€Å"They were cops and they were whitel† â€Å"I’ll bet they were,† someone else said, but the voice wasn’t coming from the television set, it was coming from the pillow next to Kling’s. He turned to look at her. The blonde on television very calmly said, â€Å"I do not believe that any police officer in this city would maintain silence in the face of such a brutal beating. The police . . .† â€Å"Oh, come off it,† Sharyn said. â€Å". . . simply don’t know who went in there, that’s all. If they knew . . .† On the television set, the black man said, â€Å"The guy who let them in knows.† â€Å"Every cop in this city knows,† Sharyn said. â€Å"I don’t,† Kling said. And now there was a veritable Babel of voices pouring from the television set in a deluge of conflicting invective that rose higher and higher in volume and passion. â€Å"Instead of maintaining their ridiculous posture of. . .† â€Å"There are black cops, too, you know. I don’t see any of them . . .† â€Å"Would you come forward if †¦ ?† â€Å"You’re asking them to be rats.† â€Å"It’s not informing if the person †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Milagros was in custody!† â€Å"He’s a criminal!† â€Å"So are the cops who beat him up!† 277 Ed McBam â€Å"A murderer!† â€Å". . . almost killed him!† â€Å"He’s blackl† â€Å"Here we go,† Kling said. â€Å"That’s why they beat him up!† â€Å"Hang on, honey,† Sharyn said. Together, they huddled against the angry voices. At last, Kling said, â€Å"Wanna dance?† 278 About the Author Ed McBain is the only American to receive the Diamond Dagger, the British Crime Writers Association’s highest award. He also holds the Mystery Writers of America’s coveted Grand Master Award. His books have sold over one hundred million copies worldwide, ranging from his first bestselling novel, The Blackboard Jungle, to the recent bestseller Privileged Conversation, both written under his own name, Evan Hunter, which he used on his screenplay for Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds. His most recent 87th Precinct novel was The Big Bad City. He lives in Connecticut with his wife, Dragica. 279 Copyright  © 2000 by Hui Corporation The right of Ed McBain to be identified as the Author of the Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in Great Britain in 2000 by Hodder and Stoughton First published in paperback in 2000 by Hodder and Stoughton A division of Hodder Headline A New English Library Paperback 10 98765432 I All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. All characters in this publication are fictitious and any resemblance to real persons, living or dead is purely coincidental. McBain, Ed, 1926 -The last dance I . 8yth Precinct (Imaginary place)-Fiction 2 . Detective and mystery stories I . Title 8i3-5’4tF] isbno 340 72806 XL Typeset by Palimpsest Book Production Limited, Polmont, Stirlingshire Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives pic Hodder and Stoughton A division of Hodder Headline 338 Euston Road London nwi 3BH This, yet another time, is for my wife— DRAGICA DIMITRIJEVIC-HUNTER winner of v the crime writers’association/ – cartier diamond dagger award ‘ A man with no enemies is found hanging in what appears to be a suicide. But Carella and company soon discover that, drugged and unconscious, he could not possibly have hanged himself. They are dealing with murder. The 1 investigation takes them into the politics and passions of a musical in preparation. Or rather’ two: one that happened half a century ago and one that is happening rjow †¦ ‘One oi the masters oi crime fiction.’ ? sunday telegraph – : ‘McBain is so good he ought to be arrested.’ ; publishers weekly † †¢-‘! ‘When it comes to the voices oi the city, McBaini the man with the golden ear.’ I new york times book review †¢ †¢ . ‘A virtuoso.’ Many of Ed McBain’s dazzling mysteries are New English Library paperbacks – the latest 87th Precinct stories are The Big Bad City and Nocturne. The Last Best Hope features Florida detective Matthew Hope. Have you read thern ajl? 0059†² NEW ENGLISH LIBRARY Fiction: Crime Author photograph by Dragica Dimitrijevic Cover Photographs Tony Stone Images ISBN 0-340-72806-X How to cite The Last Dance Chapter One, Essay examples

Effective Leadership in Different Waysâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Effective Leadership in Different Ways? Answer: Introducation A leadership is a function and quality of a person by which a group is influenced to do work for achieving some objectives or targets. Effective leadership essential in order to inspiring the team Accounting to function in order to accomplishment of the given objectives(Yukl, 2008). Leadership adheres force which holds the group intact and develop a team spirit of togetherness. Leadership is a process of influence wherein there is influence on others when they carry out or instructions and accepts his commands, advice, guidance and direction willingly. The successful leaders are able to influence the behavior, attitude and beliefs of their followers. Leadership pattern or style depends on situation. A specific leadership style in one situation at a particular time, may not be appropriate for another situation at a different time(De Vries, 2010). Leadership is the function of encouraging or motivating people to put their best effort willfully to attain the objectives of the organization as interpreted by the leader. General George Smith Patton was a Senior official of the Army of the United States. He was in commanding position in the U.S. Seventh Army in 2nd World War and is immensely famous for his leadership of the U.S. He was one of the most successful field commanders(Brooks, 2016). His character was a complex one it was extremely ruthless, cruel sometimes and unpredictably sentimental at times. He was considered to follow a cognitive or situational leadership style. General Patton followed some particular principles which guided him in his life. Apart from being very strong and stable in physical emotional and mental conditions, he had a powerful spiritual life. Napoleon Bonaparte was the French Emperor and one of the great leaders who crossed the Alps to invade Italy and put high threat on Rome. He was an autocratic leader who would make decisions without discussing with others in his team(Freeman, 2011). This style adopted by him of leadership is mostly used across military approach where leader does not discusses and consults with his subordinates to get any help in decisions. The autocratic leaders are those who are the hard task masters and make authoritative decisions, attempt to solve problems without any discussion or solve problems, makes use of their subordinates as their utilities and then exercise control over their functional activities. The autocratic or authoritative leaders have very high inflated ego. Most of these signs are clear in Napoleon Bonaparte(Walumbwa, 2008). He never used to consult his army for any decision in battle strategies even in cases of last minute decisions. Napoleons decisions were practically oriented and sensible hence the subordinates did not raise questions. In order to get a strong army, Napoleon motivated them by giving hope that someday they would get higher positions. This way was adopted by him to recruit and motivate the team. This shows clear evidence of Napoleons following Herzbergs Hygiene Theory while motivating. As he always promised higher recognition, incentives, status and opportunity such that improvement can be attempted. According to Thomas Hobbes on Lebanthian (updated to modern English) the men are equal in faculties of the mind compared to their physical strength. Prudence is merely an experience thus people need to apply such efforts on themselves that they otherwise would have spent on themselves. The factors which may make such equality unbelievable is really the guiding wrong sense emerging from wisdom, which most men think that, they feel to possess more in common men, which is, generally more compared to anyone apart from for others that they consider worth due to their reputation or because their conformity with them. This is basic human nature which a man might admit that others can be more clever, more articulate or more knowledgeable compared to him. Then he will not easily consider others as wise as he is from his judgmental understanding. He realize his own wisdom closely and other mens from a distance(Zhang, 2011). Drawing from several researches and papers it can be said that it depi cts equality of men compared inequality. By considering the above mentioned cases the following inferences can be drawn:- George Smith Patton considered to follow a cognitive or situational leadership style apart from being very strong and stable in physical emotional and mental conditions, he had a powerful spiritual life. This indicates that, not only bodily strength and courage but mental and spiritual strength also played a desired vital roles in his case. Herzbergs Hygiene Theory while motivating he used to promise to his followers higher recognition, incentives, status and opportunity for improvement. Hertzberg Hygiene theory has two aspects one of which is health and another is hygiene. While hygiene cannot motivate an individual, but acts as basics on basis of which performance is conducted. Napoleon used to follow autocratic or strict authoritarian leadership style and Herzbergs Hygiene Theory while motivating could provide better recognition, status, incentives along with opportunities for development. An authoritarian leadership style is regarded as a way in which a leader dictates policies in accordance to set goals, while having a control over achieving and directing such activities. Authoritarian leaders set clear expectations as to what needs to be done and he allocates responsibilities and duties accordingly. There is a stringent control over authoritarian leaders by means of regulating duties, actions, methodologies and so on. There is a little creative nature associated with such leadership styles for decision making(Duignan, 2009). These types of leadership is out of style and is not followed now. They exert supervisions at all times and offer little help in discussing out of problems in situations. According to Thomas Hobbes on Lebanthian Prudence is merely an experience therefore men are expected to have an equal amount ofit within an equal time spent on stuff that they regularly apply themselves to. Autocratic leadership styles are much more effective than collaborative ones if the above cases are considered. They generally exercise downward control and one-way communication on their followers and subordinates. They intend to control discussion amongst followers and does not entertain relationship building amongst them, thus utilizing conflicts for individual gains. Reference Lists Brooks, J. S. (2016). Everything we know about educational leadership is wrong. . Questioning leadership: New directions for educational organizations. London: Routledge. De Vries, R. E.-P. (2010). Leadership= communication? The relations of leaders communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of businessand psychology, 367-380. Duignan, P. . (2009). Authenticity in leadership: An emerging perspective. Authenticity in leadership: An emerging perspective., 354-369. Freeman, R. E. (2011). Values, authenticity, and responsible leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 15-23. Walumbwa, F. O. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of management, 89-126. Yukl, G. (2008). How leaders influence organizational effectiveness. The leadership quarterly, 708-722. Zhang, X. A. (2011). Linking transformational leadership and team performance: A conflict management approach. Journal of Management Studies, 1586-1611.

International Trade and Globalization Essay Example

International Trade and Globalization Essay PART 1 GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER ONE Globalization Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to 1. Describe the process of globalization and how it affects markets and production. 2. Identify the two forces causing globalization to increase. 3. Summarize the evidence for each main argument in the globalization debate. 4. Identify the types of companies that participate in international business. 5. Describe the global business environment and identify its four main elements. A LOOK AT THIS CHAPTER This chapter de? es the scope of international business and introduces us to some of its most important topics. We begin by presenting globalization—describing its in? uence on markets and production and the forces behind its growth. Each main argument in the debate over globalization is also analyzed in detail. We then identify the key players in international business today. This chapter closes with a model that depicts international business as occurring within an integrated global business environment. A LOOK AHEAD Part 2, encompassing Chapters 2, 3, and 4, introduces us to different national business environments. Chapter 2 describes important cultural differences among nations. Chapter 3 examines different political and legal systems. And Chapter 4 presents the world’s various economic systems and issues surrounding economic development. 24 Emirates’ Global Impact DUBAI, United Arab Emirates—The Emirates Group, founded in 1985 and headquartered in Dubai, is one of the world’s leading commercial air transportation service providers. Emirates has built up a strong brand name as a leader in the aviation industry, particularly in terms of its excellent customer service and its very rapid growth. It provides passenger, cargo, and postal carriage services to approximately 100 destinations worldwide. The company is also involved in the wholesale and retail of consumer goods, in-? ight and institutional catering, holiday services, and hotel operations in Europe, the Middle East, the Far East, Africa, Asia, Australasia, and North America. The Group’s operations are global in many ways. Emirates is renowned for its excellent customer service, but how does it attract new customers and keep current customers happy when it operates worldwide in many different countries and cultures? We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Globalization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Globalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Globalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The answer is that global customers need global services too. If you visit Emirates’ Web site (see www. emirates. com) you will see it has multi-language booking services, customized in-? ight entertainment and provides international food and drink during the ? ight. Furthermore, Emirates Group employs about 50,000 people, and it’s interesting to note that its cabin crew is highly diverse in terms of nationality, religion, and languages. In fact, the group operates a global recruitment process, and its staff, from cabin crew to engineers, comes from all over the world. As you read this chapter, consider how globalization is reshaping our personal lives and altering the activities of international companies. 1 Source:  © Mccarthystudio/ Dreamstime. 25 26 PART 1 †¢ GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT G lobalization is reshaping our lives and leading us into uncharted territory. As new technologies drive down the cost of global communication and travel, we are increasingly exposed to the traits and practices of other cultures. As countries reduce barriers to trade and investment, globalization forces their industries to grow more competitive if they are to survive. And as ultinationals from advanced countries and emerging markets seek out customers, competition intensifies on a global scale. These new realities of international business are altering our cultures and transforming the way companies do business. International Business Involves Us All The dynamic nature of international business affects each of us personally. In our daily communications, w e encounter terms such as outsourcing, emerging markets, competitive advantage, sustainability, and social responsibility. And each of us experiences the result of dozens of international transactions every day. The General Electric alarm clock/radio (www. ge. com) that woke you was likely made in China. The breaking news buzzing in your ears was produced by Britain’s BBC radio (www. bbc. co. uk). You slip on your Adidas sandals (www. adidas. com) made in Indonesia, Abercrombie Fitch T-shirt (www. abercrombie. com) made in the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Eagle jeans (www. ae. com) made in Mexico. You pull the charger off your Nokia phone (www. nokia. com), which was designed in Finland and manufactured in the United States with parts from Taiwan, and head out the door. You hop into your Korean Hyundai (www. hmmausa. com) that was made in Alabama, and pop in a CD performed by the English band Coldplay (www. coldplay. com). You swing by the local Starbucks (www. starbucks. com) to charge your own batteries with coffee brewed from a blend of beans harvested in Colombia and Ethiopia. Your day is just one hour old, but in a way you’ve already taken a virtual trip around the world. A quick glance at the â€Å"Made in† tags on your jacket, backpack, watch, wallet, or other items with you right now will demonstrate the pervasiveness of international business transactions. International business is any commercial transaction that crosses the borders of two or more nations. You don’t have to set foot outside a small town to ? nd evidence of international business. No matter where you live, you’ll be surrounded by imports—goods and services purchased abroad and brought into a country. Your counterparts around the world will undoubtedly spend some part of their day using your nation’s exports—goods and services sold abroad and sent out of a country. Every year, all the nations of the world export goods and services worth nearly $15 trillion. That ? ure is around 40 times the annual global revenue of Wal-Mart Stores (www. walmart. com). international business Commercial transaction that crosses the borders of two or more nations. imports Goods and services purchased abroad and brought into a country. exports Goods and services sold abroad and sent out of a country. Technology Makes It Possible Technology is perhaps the mo st remarkable facilitator of societal and commercial changes today. Consumers use technology to reach out to the world on the Internet—gathering and sending information and purchasing all kinds of goods and services. Companies use technology to acquire materials and products from distant lands and to sell goods and services abroad. When businesses or consumers use technology to conduct transactions, they engage in e-business (e-commerce)—the use of computer networks to purchase, sell, or exchange products; service customers; and collaborate with partners. E-business is making it easier for companies to make their products abroad, not simply import and export ? nished goods. Consider how Hewlett-Packard (HP) (www. hp. com) designed and built a computer server for small businesses. Once HP identi? d the need for a new low-cost computer server, it seized the rewards of globalization. HP dispersed its design and production activities throughout a specialized manufacturing system across ? ve Paci? c Rim nations and India. This helped the company minimize labor costs, taxes, and shipping delays yet maximize productivity when designing, building, and distributing its new product. Companies use su ch innovative production and distribution techniques to squeeze inef? ciencies out of their international operations and boost their competitiveness. e-business (e-commerce) Use of computer networks to purchase, sell, or exchange products; service customers; and collaborate with partners. CHAPTER 1 †¢ GLOBALIZATION 27 Workers at a factory in Indonesia inspect electronic parts bound for global markets. Today, companies can go almost anywhere in the world to tap into local expertise and favorable business climates. For example, U. S. businesses exploit technology by subcontracting work to Chinese companies that write computer software code and then e-mail their end-product to the U. S. clients. In this way, companies can lower costs, increase ef? ciency, and grow more competitive. In what other ways might technology and global talent facilitate international business activity? Source: AFP Photo/Bob Low/Newscom. Global Talent Makes It Happen Media companies today commonly engage in a practice best described as a global relay race. Fox and NBC Universal created Hulu (www. hulu. com), one competitor of YouTube, as a cool venue for fans to watch TV shows online. Hulu employs two technical teams—one in the United States and one in China—to manage its Web site. Members of the team in Santa Monica, California, work late into the night detailing code speci? cations that it sends to the team in Beijing, China. The Chinese team then writes the code and sends it back to Santa Monica before the U. S. team gets to work in the morning. 2 Some innovative companies use online competitions to tap global talent. InnoCentive (www. innocentive. com) connects companies and institutions seeking solutions to difficult problems using a global network of more than 145,000 creative thinkers. These engineers, scientists, inventors, and businesspeople with expertise in life sciences, engineering, chemistry, math, computer science, and entrepreneurship compete to solve some of the world’s toughest problems in return for significant financial awards. InnoCentive is open to anyone, is available in seven languages, and pays cash awards that range from as little as $2,000 to as much as $1 million. 3 This chapter begins by presenting globalization—we describe its powerful in? uence on markets and production and explain the forces behind its expansion. Following coverage of each main point in the debate over globalization, we examine the key players in international business. We then explain why international business is special by presenting the dynamic, integrated global business environment. Finally, the appendix at the end of this chapter contains a world atlas to be used as a primer for this chapter’s discussion and as a reference throughout the remainder of the book. Quick Study 1. De? ne the term international business, and explain how it affects each of us. 2. What do we mean by the terms imports and exports? 3. Explain how e-business (e-commerce) is affecting international business. 28 PART 1 †¢ GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Globalization globalization Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence among national institutions and economies. Although nations historically retained absolute control over the products, people, and capital crossing their borders, economies are becoming increasingly intertwined. Globalization is the trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence among national institutions and economies. Globalization is a trend characterized by denationalization (national boundaries becoming less relevant) and is different from internationalization (entities cooperating across national boundaries). The greater interdependence that globalization is causing means an increasingly freer ? w of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across national borders. As its de? nition implies, globalization involves much more than the expansion of trade and investment among nations. Globalization embraces concepts and theories from political science, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy as well as economics. As such, it is not a term exclusively reserved for multinational corpora tions and international ? nancial institutions. Nor is globalization the exclusive domain of those with only altruistic or moral intentions. In fact, globalization has been described as going â€Å"well beyond the links that bind corporations, traders, ? nanciers, and central bankers. It provides a conduit not only for ideas but also for processes of coordination and cooperation used by terrorists, politicians, religious leaders, anti-globalization activists, and bureaucrats alike. †4 For our purposes, this discussion focuses on the business implications of globalization. Two areas of business in which globalization is having profound effects are the globalization of markets and production. Globalization of Markets Globalization of markets refers to convergence in buyer preferences in markets around the world. This trend is occurring in many product categories, including consumer goods, industrial products, and business services. Clothing retailer L. L. Bean (www. llbean. com), shoe producer Nike (www. nike. com), and electronics maker Sony (www. sony. com) are just a few companies that sell global products—products marketed in all countries essentially without any changes. For example, Apple’s iPad qualifies as a global product because of its highly standardized features and the company’s global marketing strategy and global brand. Global products and global competition characterize many industries and markets, including semiconductors (Intel, Philips), aircraft (Airbus, Boeing), construction equipment (Caterpillar, Mitsubishi), autos (Honda, Volkswagen), ? nancial services (Citicorp, HSBC), air travel (Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines), accounting services (Ernst Young, KPM G), consumer goods (Procter Gamble, Unilever), and fast food (KFC, McDonald’s). The globalization of markets is important to international business because of the bene? ts it offers companies. Let’s now look brie? y at each of these bene? s. REDUCES MARKETING COSTS Companies that sell global products can reduce costs by standardizing certain marketing activities. A company selling a global consumer good, such as shampoo, can make an identical product for the global market and then simply design different packaging to account for the language spoken in each market. Companies can achieve further cost savings by keeping an ad’s visual component the same for all markets but dubbing TV ads and translating print ads into local languages. CREATES NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES A company that sells a global product can explore pportunities abroad if the home market is small or becomes saturated. For example, China holds enormous potential for e-business with more than 400 mi llion Internet users, which is greater than the population of the entire United States. But while more than 70 percent of people in the United States actively surf the Web, just 30 percent of people in China do. So, the battle for market share in the Middle Kingdom is raging between the top two online search engines— Google (www. google. cn) and Yahoo! (www. cn. yahoo. com). Seeking sales growth abroad can be absolutely essential for an entrepreneur or small company that sells a global product but has a limited home market. CHAPTER 1 †¢ GLOBALIZATION 29 Ecstatic customers display their new iPads in Mexico City. The iPad is Apple’s (www. apple. com) ? rst tablet computer and a global success that excites style-lovers the world over. The iPad lets users surf the Web, write e-mail, ? ip through photos, and watch movies—all on a device that is only 0. 5 inches thick. Thousands of applications expand the iPad’s capabilities even further and more are creat ed daily. Apple standardized the iPad to reduce production and marketing costs and to support its powerful global brand. Source: STR/Newscom. LEVELS UNEVEN INCOME STREAMS A company that sells a product with universal, but sea- sonal, appeal can use international sales to level its income stream. By supplementing domestic sales with international sales, the company can reduce or eliminate wide variations in sales between seasons and steady its cash ? ow. For example, a ? rm that produces suntan and sunblock lotions can match product distribution with the summer seasons in the northern and outhern hemispheres in alternating fashion—thereby steadying its income from these global, yet highly seasonal, products. YET LOCAL NEEDS ARE IMPORTANT Despite the potential bene? ts of global markets, managers must constantly monitor the match between the ? rm’s products and markets to not overlook the needs of buyers. The bene? t of serving customers with an adapted product may outweigh the ben e? t of a standardized one. For instance, soft drinks, fast food, and other consumer goods are global products that continue to penetrate markets around the world. But sometimes these products require small modi? cations to better suit local tastes. In southern Japan, Coca-Cola (www. cocacola. com) sweetens its traditional formula to compete with sweeter-tasting Pepsi (www. pepsi. com). In India, where cows are sacred and the consumption of beef is taboo, McDonald’s (www. mcdonalds. com) markets the â€Å"Maharaja Mac†Ã¢â‚¬â€two all-mutton patties on a sesame-seed bun with all the usual toppings. Globalization of Production Many production activities are also becoming global. Globalization of production refers to the dispersal of production activities to locations that help a company achieve its cost-minimization or quality-maximization objectives for a good or service. This includes the sourcing of key production inputs (such as raw materials or products for assembly) as well as the international outsourcing of services. Let’s now explore the bene? ts that companies obtain from the globalization of production. ACCESS LOWER-COST WORKERS Global production activities allow companies to reduce overall production costs through access to low-cost labor. For decades, companies located their factories in low-wage nations to churn out all kinds of goods, including toys, small appliances, inexpensive electronics, and textiles. Yet whereas moving production to low-cost 30 PART 1 †¢ GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT locales traditionally meant production of goods almost exclusively, it increasingly applies to the production of services such as accounting and research. Although most services must be produced where they are consumed, some services can be performed at remote locations where labor costs are lower. Many European and U. S. businesses have moved their customer service and other nonessential operations to places as far away as India to slash costs by as much as 60 percent. ACCESS TECHNICAL EXPERTISE Companies also produce goods and services abroad to bene? t from technical know-how. Film Roman (www.? lmroman. com) produces the TV series The Simpsons, but it provides key poses and step-by-step frame directions to AKOM Production Company (www. akomkorea. com) in Seoul, South Korea. AKOM then ? lls in the remaining poses and links them into an animated whole. But there are bumps along the way, says animation director Mark Kirkland. In one middle-of-the-night phone call, Kirkland was explaining to the Koreans how to draw a shooting gun. They don’t allow guns in Korea; it’s against the law,† says Kirkland. â€Å"So they were calling me [asking]: ‘How does a gun work? ’† Kirkland and others put up with such cultural differences and phone calls at odd hours to tap a highly quali? ed pool of South Korean animators. 7 ACCESS PRODUCTION INPUTS Globalization of production allows companies to access re- sources that are unav ailable or more costly at home. The quest for natural resources draws many companies into international markets. Japan, for example, is a small, densely populated GLOBAL CHALLENGES Managing Security in the Age of Globalization n a lawsuit. The damaged reputation of Goldman Sachs following its $550 million settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (for its actions before and during the ? nancial meltdown on Wall Street) is estimated to have cost the ? rm nearly 40 percent ($6 billion) of its brand value in one year. †¢ The Challenge. Like the risks themselves, the challenges are also varied. First, companies should identify all potential risks to their facilities and develop a bestpractice property risk program. Second, employees should change passwords often, guard computers and mobile devices ith software patches, and return company-owned digital devices when leaving the ? rm. Third, as they come under ever-increasing scrutiny, companies should act ethically and w ithin the law to protect their reputations. †¢ Want to Know More? Visit leading risk consultancy Kroll (www. krollworldwide. com), leading Internet security ? rm Check Point Software Technologies (www. checkpoint. com), and Internet security agency CERT Coordination Center (www. cert. org). Sources: Douglas McIntyre, â€Å"The 10 Biggest Brand Disasters of 2010,† Daily Finance Web site (www. daily? nance. om), July 21, 2010; Erik Schatzker and Christine Harper, â€Å"Goldman Could Have Managed Reputational Risks Better, Cohn Says,† Bloomberg Businessweek (www. businessweek. com), July 1, 2010; The Risk/Earnings Ratio: New Perspectives for Achieving Bottom-Line Stabililty (Johnston, RI; FM Global, June 2010); An Introduction to the Business Model for Information Security (Rolling Meadows, IL: ISACA, 2009). The globalization of markets and production creates new challenges for companies. As well as the need to secure lengthy supply chains and distribution channels, companies must secure their facilities, information systems, and reputations. Facilities Risk. Careful planning and facilities assessment (around $12,000 for a midsized company; $1 million for a large ? rm) can be well worth the cost. Large companies with top-notch property risk management programs are said to produce more stable earnings. And companies practicing weak risk management experience 55 times greater risk of property loss due to ? re and 29 times greater risk of property loss caused by natural hazards. †¢ Information Risk. Computer viruses, software worms, malicious code, and cyber criminals cost companies around the world many billions of dollars each year. The usual suspects include disgruntled employees and dishonest competitors, but often are hackers who steal customers’ personal and ? nancial data that is then sold worldwide to the highest bidder. Upon quitting their jobs, some employees simply walk away with digital devices containing con? dential memos, competitive data, and private e-mails. †¢ Reputational Risk. News regarding the actions of today’s largest corporations spreads worldwide quickly. Reputational risk is anything that can harm a ? rm’s image, including accounting irregularities, product recalls, workers’ rights violations, and involvement CHAPTER 1 †¢ GLOBALIZATION 31 island nation with very few natural resources of its own—especially forests. But Japan’s largest paper company, Nippon Seishi, does more than simply import wood pulp. The company owns huge forests and corresponding processing facilities in Australia, Canada, and the United States. This gives the ? rm not only access to an essential resource but also control over earlier stages in the papermaking process. As a result, the company is guaranteed a steady ? ow of its key ingredient (wood pulp) that is less subject to swings in prices and supply associated with buying pulp on the open market. Likewise, to access cheaper energy resources used in manufacturing, a variety of Japanese ? rms are relocating production to China and Vietnam, where energy costs are lower. Despite its bene? ts, globalization also creates new risks and accentuates old ones for companies. To read about several key risks that globalization heightens and how companies can better manage them, see this chapter’s Global Challenges feature, titled â€Å"Managing Security in the Age of Globalization. † Quick Study 1. De? ne globalization. How does denationalization differ from internationalization? . List each bene? t a company might obtain from the globalization of markets. 3. How might a company bene? t from the globalization of production? Forces Driving Globalization Two main forces underlie the globalization of markets and production: falling barriers to trade and investment and technological innovation. These two features, more than anything else, are increasing competition among nations by leveling the global business playing field. Greater competition is simultaneously driving companies worldwide into more direct confrontation and cooperation. Local industries once isolated by time and distance are increasingly accessible to large international companies based many thousands of miles away. Some small and medium-sized local firms are compelled to cooperate with one another or with larger international firms to remain competitive. Other local businesses revitalize themselves in a bold attempt to survive the competitive onslaught. And on a global scale, consolidation is occurring in many industries as former competitors link up to challenge others on a worldwide basis. Let’s now explore in greater detail the pivotal roles of the two forces driving globalization. Falling Barriers to Trade and Investment In 1947, political leaders of 23 nations (12 developed and 11 developing economies) made history when they created the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)—a treaty designed to promote free trade by reducing both tariffs and nontariff barriers to international trade. Tariffs are essentially taxes levied on traded goods, and nontariff barriers are limits on the quantity of an imported product. The treaty was successful in its early years. After four decades, world merchandise trade had grown 20 times larger, and average tariffs had fallen from 40 percent to 5 percent. Signi? cant progress occurred again with a 1994 revision of the GATT treaty. Nations that had signed on to the treaty further reduced average tariffs on merchandise trade and lowered subsidies (government ? nancial support) for agricultural products. The treaty’s revision also clearly de? ned intellectual property rights—giving protection to copyrights (including computer programs, databases, sound recordings, and ? ms), trademarks and service marks, and patents (including trade secrets and know-how). A major ? aw of the original GATT was that it lacked the power to enforce world trade rules. Likely the greatest accomplishment of the 1994 revision was the creation of the World Trade Organization. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international organization that enforces the rules of international trade. The three main goals of the WTO (www. wto. org) are to help the free ? ow of trade, help negotiate the further opening of markets, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Treaty designed to promote free trade by reducing both tariffs and nontariff barriers to international trade. World Trade Organization (WTO) International organization that enforces the rules of international trade. 32 PART 1 †¢ GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT and settle trade disputes among its members. It is the power of the WTO to settle trade disputes that really sets it apart from its predecessor, the GATT. The various WTO agreements are essentially contracts between member nations that commit them to maintaining fair and open trade policies. Offenders must realign their trade policies according to WTO guidelines or face ? es and, perhaps, trade sanctions (penalties). Because of its ability to penalize offending nations, the WTO’s dispute settlement system truly is the spine of the global trading system. The WTO replaced the institution of GATT but absorbed all of the former GATT agreements. Thus, the GATT institution no longer of? cially exists. Today, the WTO recognize s 153 members and 30 â€Å"observer† members. The WTO launched a new round of negotiations in Doha, Qatar, in late 2001. The renewed negotiations were designed to lower trade barriers further and to help poor nations in particular. Agricultural subsidies that rich countries pay to their own farmers are worth $1 billion per day— more than six times the value of their combined aid budgets to poor nations. Because 70 percent of poor nations’ exports are agricultural products and textiles, wealthy nations had intended to further open these and other labor-intensive industries. Poor nations were encouraged to reduce tariffs among themselves and were to receive help in integrating themselves into the global trading system. Although the Doha round was to conclude by the end of 2004, negotiations are proceeding more slowly than was anticipated. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS In addition to the WTO, smaller groups of nations are integrat- ing their economies as never before by fostering trade and boosting cross-border investment. For example, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) gathers three nations (Canada, Mexico, and the United States) into a free-trade bloc. The more ambitious European Union (EU ) combines 27 countries. The Asia Paci? c Economic Cooperation (APEC) consists of 21 member economies committed to creating a free-trade zone around the Paci? c. The aims of each of these smaller trade pacts are similar to those of the WTO but are regional in nature. Moreover, some nations are placing greater emphasis on regional pacts because of resistance to worldwide trade agreements. TRADE AND NATIONAL OUTPUT Together, the WTO agreements and regional pacts have gross domestic product (GDP) Value of all goods and services produced by a domestic economy over a one-year period. gross national product (GNP) Value of all goods and services produced by a country’s domestic and international activities over a one-year period. boosted world trade and cross-border investment signi? cantly. Trade theory tells us that openness to trade helps a nation to produce a greater amount of output. Map 1. 1 illustrates that growth in national output over a recent 10-year period is signi? cantly positive. Economic growth is greater in nations that have recently become more open to trade, such as China, India, and Russia, than it is in many other countries. Much of South America is also growing rapidly, while Africa’s experience is mixed. Let’s take a moment in our discussion to define a few terms that we will encounter time and again throughout this book. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all goods and services produced by a domestic economy over a one-year period. GDP excludes a nation’s income generated from exports, imports, and the international operations of its companies. We can speak in terms of world GDP when we sum all individual nations’ GDP figures. GDP is a somewhat narrower figure than gross national product (GNP)—the value of all goods and services produced by a country’s domestic and international activities over a one-year period. A country’s GDP or GNP per capita is simply its GDP or GNP divided by its population. GDP or GNP per capita Nation’s GDP or GNP divided by its population. Technological Innovation Although falling barriers to trade and investment encourage globalization, technological innovation is accelerating its pace. Signi? cant advancements in information technology and transportation methods are making it easier, faster, and less costly to move data, goods, and equipment around the world. Let’s examine several innovations that have had a considerable impact on globalization. E-MAIL AND VIDEOCONFERENCING Operating across borders and time zones complicates the job of coordinating and controlling business activities. But technology can speed the ? w of information and ease the tasks of coordination and control. Electronic mail (e-mail) is an CHAPTER 1 †¢ GLOBALIZATION 33 indispensable tool that managers use to stay in contact with international operations an

buy custom The Human Epidermal Growth essay

buy custom The Human Epidermal Growth essay According to Slamon et al783 epidermal growth factor receptor that is present in human is a member the trans-membrane growth factor receptor. In the biology language it is encoded as HER2/neu. It is evident that in the United States alone about 25% to 30% of the breast cancers that are diagnosed, HER2 is highly present in these cases. These patients with the over-expressed HER2 exhibited an aggressive form of cancer that limits their level of survival. This is because the HER2 cells play a direct role in maraud the body along the pathogenic malignant cells that cause cancers. These revelations of the HER2 symbiotic relationship with the pathogenic cancerous cells provided researchers with the opportunity to investigate on a safe therapeutic agent that could be induced in the patients to offer alterations to this relationship between the HER2 and the cancerous cells. Research findings discovered that monoclonal antibodies that are produced in the body inhibit the growth of the HER2 cells that aid in over-expressing the malignant cancer cells. Therefore, these monoclonal cells could be used against them (Slamon et al784). These anti-HER2 monoclonal cells, popularly known as the rhuMAb HER2 were produced from the cloned human IgG framework and engineered towards ensuring that they were safe when used in cancer patients with the over-expressing HER2 cancer aiding cells. In order that the medical practitioners could be sure that the use of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies could be clinically safe, test were undertaken on two trials. The first trial entailed the incorporation rhuMAb HER2 combined with chemotherapy in the patients and the second trial was based in chemotherapy alone. This research main objective was to find out the response rate and clinical safety of using the rhuMAb HER2 antibodies in treating the patients. After thorough scrutiny, the research concluded that the first trial as a form of treating was safe. Buy custom The Human Epidermal Growth essay

Types of Spanish Pronouns

Types of Spanish Pronouns Almost all of us like to take shortcuts, and thats one way to think about what pronouns are: In both Spanish and English, theyre usually a shorter and quicker way of referring to a noun. Common pronouns in English include he, she, what, that and yours, all of which usually would be replaced by longer words or more words if we didnt have the pronouns at our disposal. Spanish and English Pronouns Compared In general, pronouns in Spanish function much as they do in English. They can fulfill any role in a sentence that a noun can, and some of them vary in form depending on whether theyre used as a subject or an object. Probably the biggest difference is that in Spanish most pronouns have gender, whereas in English the only gendered pronouns are he, she, he, and him. If a pronoun has gender, it is the same as that of the noun to which it refers. (In English, gendered pronouns nearly always refer to people are animals, although it is possible to refer to a few personified objects by gender, such as when a ship or a nation is referred to as she instead of it.) In Spanish, there are also a few neuter pronouns that can be used to refer to an unknown object or to ideas or concepts. In the list of pronoun types below, be aware that many of the pronouns can have more than one translation, many English pronouns can have more than one Spanish equivalent, and not all pronouns are listed in the examples. For example, the English me can be translated as both me and mà ­, depending on the context, and the Spanish lo can be translated as him, or it. Not all Spanish pronouns are listed here, but enough to convey how others would be classified. Note also that many of these words that function as pronouns, particularly the indefinite and relative pronouns, can serve as other parts of speech. Types of Pronouns Pronouns can be classified as to how they are used, and all of these classifications apply to both Spanish and English. Note that some pronouns, such as me and ella, can be more than one type of pronoun. Subject pronouns replace the subject of a sentence. Examples include yo (I), tà º (you), à ©l (he), ella (she), ellos (they), and ellas (they). Yo quiero salir. (I want to leave. I or yo replaces the name of the person speaking.) Demonstrative pronouns replace a noun while also pointing to it. Examples include à ©ste (this), à ©sta (this), à ©sa (that), and aquà ©llos (those). Note that many demonstrative pronouns have written or orthographic accents on the stressed vowel. Although such accents used to be considered mandatory, these days they are treated as optional if they can be omitted without causing confusion. Quiero à ©sta. I want this. (Ésta or this replaces the name of the object the speaker is referring to.) Verbal object pronouns functions as the object of a verb. Examples include lo  (him or it), la  (her or it), me (me), and los (them). Lo no puedo ver. (I cant see it. Lo or it replaces the name of the unseen object.) Reflexive pronouns are used when the direct object and the subject of a verb refer to the same person or thing. They are used much more in Spanish than in English. Examples include me (myself), te (yourself), and se (himself, herself, themselves). Juan se baà ±a. (John is bathing himself. John is the subject of the sentence, and he is performing the action of the verb on himself.) Prepositional object pronouns are used as objects of a preposition. Examples include mà ­ (me), ella (her), and nosotros (us). Raà ºl lo comprà ³ para nosotros. (Raà ºl bought it for us. Nosotros and us are the objects of the prepositions para and for, respectively.) Prepositional reflexive pronouns are used when the object of a preposition following a verb refers back to the verbs subject. Examples include mà ­ (myself) and sà ­ (himself, herself, itself, themselves). Marà ­a lo comprà ³ para sà ­ mismo. (Marà ­a bought it for herself. Sà ­ and herself are the objects of para and for, respectively, and refer back to Marà ­a, the sentences subject. Possessive pronouns refer to something owned or possessed by someone or something. Examples include mà ­o (mine), mà ­a (mine), mà ­os (mine), mà ­as (mine), and suyo (his, hers, theirs). La mà ­a es verde. Mine is green. (Mà ­a and mine refer to the object possessed. The feminine form in Spanish is used here because it refers to an object name that is feminine. The possessive pronouns in Spanish are usually preceded by el, la, los, or las, especially when they are subjects.) Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific people or things. Examples include algo (something), nadie (nobody), alguien (anybody), todo (all), todas (all), uno (one), unos (some), and ninguno (none). Nadie puede decir que su vida es perfecta. (Nobody can say his life is perfect.) Relative pronouns introduces a clause that gives more information about a noun or pronoun. Examples include que (that, which, who, whom), quien (who, whom), cuyo (whose), cuyas (whose), donde (where), and lo cual (which, that which). Nadie puede decir que su vida es perfecta. (Nobody can say that his life is perfect. The relative pronouns here are que and that. The clause su vida es perfecta gives more information about nadie.) Interrogative pronouns are used in questions. Examples include cul (what), quià ©n (what), and cundo (when). Spanish interrogative pronouns use an orthographic accent. Cul es tu problema? (What is your problem?)

English Literature Religion in the Parable of the Sower by Octavia Essay

English Literature Religion in the Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler - Essay Example In the novel, Lauren criticizes the American Christian tradition. Lauren, who is the daughter of a Baptist teacher, has lost faith in her father’s God, the God of Christianity. Her feelings are clear in the novel when she writes, â€Å"At least three years ago, my father’s God stopped being my God. His church stopped being my church† (Butler, page 7). According to Lauren, the Christian God is nonsensical regardless of the environmental and social problems. She, therefore, merges what she learnt from her biblical scripture as the truth due to her experiences of suffering, hatred, violence, and murder. Lauren’s way of thinking becomes understandable when she reflects on a storm that was raging in the Gulf of Mexico which claimed lives of hundreds of people. Lauren writes, â€Å"Is it God? Most of the dead are the street poor who have nowhere to go and who don’t hear the warnings until it’s too late for their feet to take them to safety. Whereà ¢â‚¬â„¢s the safety for them anyway? Is it a sin against God to be poor? We’re almost poor ourselves†¦.How will God my father’s God behave toward us when we’re poor (Butler, page 15)?† She inquires how the relations between poverty and suffering mirror her knowledge that it is the unfortunate who suffer most in her society. But she does not truly think there is a God in heaven that punishes the unfortunate. She considers the Christian God is just a justification for others’ poverty while others flourish. The blame for poverty and lots of suffering is put on God so that those in authority do not have to be accountable for it.Lauren continues with her criticism when she writes that the Book of Job â€Å"says more about my father’s God in particular and gods in general than anything else I’ve ever read† (Butler, page 16). Lauren summarizes the Book of Job as follows: â€Å"In the Book of Job, God says he made everything and h e knows everything so no one has any right to question what he does with any of it. Okay. That works.

Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topic - Essay Example The paradigm can be categorized into two functional parts: information retrieval and information dissemination or exposure. CCN directly routes and delivers pieces of content at the packet level of the network, allowing automatic and application-neutral caching in memory wherever situated in the network (Karl, and Andreas 331). This yields to efficient and effective delivery of content when required. Given that the architecture allows caching effects as an automatic consequence of packet delivery, memory can be utilized without building costly application-level caching services. Why do we need content-centric networking (CCN)? CCN’s security model centers on explicitly securing the content itself rather than endpoints, whereby packets travelling across the network content can be safeguarded against from alteration, damage, or snooping from unauthorized parties. Name data networking or content-centric networking represents an alternative approach to the architecture of computer networks. CCN draws from the principle that a communication network ought to allow a user to focus on the data that one needs instead of having to reference an explicit, physical location where the data is to be retrieved (Wang, Chen, Zhou, and Qin 93). The modern internet architecture centers on a host-based conversation model generated to enable geographically distributed users to utilize a number of significant, immobile computers. The content-centric networking pursues to adapt the network architecture to match the present network usage patterns. Content-centric networking presents a broad range of benefits such as content caching to minimize congestion and enhance delivery speed. CCN also allows simpler configuration of network devices, besides building security into the network at the data level; nevertheless, the change of communication paradigm may present challenges for network activities such as real-time multimedia applications (Karl, and Andreas 332). Recent research ha s demonstrated that such applications may be feasible. Moreover, building content routers that back content-centric networking at high speed remains an open problem to crack. How it works Application-layer designs forms the basis of content-centric interface. This presents benefits such as easier deployment, improved flexible delivery, and effortless backwards compatibility. The present internet establishment features a tree of physical equipment to link streams of packets from any leaf to another. The present system can be regarded as efficient for communication, but not for distribution. The overall proposal of content-specific networking appreciates that a significant amount of information produced once, and then repeated numerous times. Hence, it is sensible to distribute the copying of any correlated activities into the networks’ tree of equipment. In most of the instances, significant storage exist, and could be utilized more efficiently in the event that it could recog nize certain content and only remain with one copy of it. The structure of the network equipment (tree shape) scales content delivery to match the size of the audience and minimize up-stream equipment to the minimum required to generate the content. CCN utilizes a practical data storage cache at every level of the network, which in turn, dramatically minimizes the transmission traffic,

CPT Literary Significance Notes Essay Example for Free

CPT Literary Significance Notes Essay Plot * Liesel, her mother and her brother Werner are all travelling on a train, to greet Werner’s and Liesels foster parents. * Liesel, illiterate has a dream o Adolf Hitler and speaks to him in broken German. * As she is half awake, Liesels brother dies, and there were two Nazi soldiers who argue on weather they leave the body there or take it with them. * Both Liesel and her mother are traumatized by his sudden death and 2 days later he is buried. * After the ceremony finishes Liesel digs at his grave but is dragged away by her mother, but before getting on another train Liesel steals a book she is unable to even read the title of. * She is taken to a place in Munich called Himmel -Heaven to meet Rosa and Hans Hubermann, her foster parents. * She refuses to meet or get out of the car with her suitcase that only contains her clothes and the book she stole from her brother’s gravesite. * The only person that manages to get her out of the care is her foster father. * Liesel feels abandoned by her mother, but understands that it’s better for her to live there and be protected from the poverty; she also learns that her father was a communist, but she doesn’t yet know the meaning of that word. * Liesels foster mother acts harshly upon her and calls her a pig girl when she refuses to bathe, but claims to loves her. * Her foster father, Hans develops a closer relationship with her and teaches her how to roll cigarettes. she starts calling them mama and papa * Liesel got terrible nightmares about her brother the first few months and was accompanied by Hans, who she kept the book hidden from. * She kept the book as a symbol reminding her the last time she saw her brother, and the last time she saw her mother. * Liesel is put in school but has to stay with a much younger grade, just learning the alphabet. When she turns ten she joins the Hitler Youth. * Liesel makes a friend names Rudy who stands up for her when other kids call her stupid. * They always pass Rudy’s fathers tailor shop and a street with broken homes with yellows stars (Star of David) on them. * Jesse Owens is a black runner Rudy is obsessed with, he colours himself black with charcoal and is dragged and lectured at home by his father, saying not to pretend to be black or Jewish because of the racist Nazis * Hans discovers the stolen book and agrees to teach her how to read, even though he himself is a poor reader. * Hans teaches Liesel every night, and continues to comfort her after her nightmares. * Liesel is later put into a class of her own level, but is not asked to perform same tasks because of her teacher, Sister Maria. * the whole class but Liesel is asked to read in front of the class, Liesel insists and is embarrassed in front of the whole class when she is unable to read and beaten by Sister Maria. * Liesel is made fun of by many students but get angry to a point where she beats Tommy and Ludwig up. She is upset about being called stupid and remembering her brother, Rudy walks her home and comforts her. | Character * Death- narrator * Liesel Meminger-(The book thief) a nine year old, steals books even though she doesn’t know how to read. Liesels love for words is incredible. Forced to move in with foster parents, because her mother is unable to keep her safe or take care of her needs. She is determined to be able to read and write. She doesn’t know what is actually happening around her, and the fact that the Nazis and Hitler are taking control and using their power for evil. * Hans Hubermann- Liesel papa, her foster father. She describes him as a very mellow and genuinely nice man, his kindness and gentleness is what makes Liesel close to him, we are told that he is the one that Liesel loves most. Protecting and helping others is what he does, he is a painter and used to be a part in the army. He doesn’t support Hitler or the Nazi but in order to protect his family and show loyalty to his people he applies for a membership multiple times. He is well known and like in the town but some people call him Jew lover He teaches Liesel how to read even though he himself is at 4th grade ability. He makes her feel safe and their relationship becomes very strong. * Rosa Hubermann- Liesels foster mother, her job is to do the ironing and washing for the wealthy people from the town, she is a very cold woman with a very foul mouth. Death tells us that even though she is very harsh towards her husband and Liesel she loves them both very much and deep inside actually has a very big and worm heart. * Rudy Steiner- Is one of Liesel very first and only true friend. He loves Liesel and stands up for her, he keeps her company and is able to cheer her up when she is down, just like how Hans is able to. He was also referred to as the boy who was obsessed with the black American athlete Jesse Owens. * Alex Steiner- Rudy’s father was a part of the Nazi part, only to protect his family. He had nothing against Jews, he found his son coloured black in order to represent Jesse Owens and gave him a lecture that he should be proud to be white, not black. an be proud that he has beautiful blonde hair and big blue eyes, and he should want to be like a black person or a Jew * Hans Junior and Trudy Hubermann- The Hubermanns children, Hans and his father don’t have a close relationship because he does not think his father tries hard enough to join the Nazi party which he supports greatly, and Trudy is a maid and babysitter for the wealthy. * Frau Holtzapel- A neighbour that spit on the Hubermanns door every time she walked past * Sister Maria- A halo surrounded the grim reaper nun beat Liesel for wanting to read in front of the class which she was unable to do, made fun and didn’t believe in Liesel. * | Theme Discrimination- Hitler effected and killed many people, Liesel did not know that, she was unaware of what was happening around her because she was so young, In their town all the Jews were getting their homes and stores shut down and taken away from them. Even if you didn’t support the Nazi party you would have to apply to it to protect your family and yourself from being questioned and killed.Jesse Owens had just completed the 4x100m relay and won his fourth gold medal. Talk that he was subhuman because he was black and Hitler’s refusal to shake his hand were touted around the world. Even the most racist Germans were amazed with the efforts of Owens. Love and Friendship-Liesel and her father bonded and she felt closest to him right away, she was sent to him and his wife because her mother was unable to take care of her, she was mad at her but understood that it was the right thing to do, her love for her mother and brother was indescribable, when her brother died it was as if her world had collapsed, she had constant nightmares about being at his grave site for a long time. Somewhere in all the snow, she could see her broken heart, in two pieces. Each half was glowing, and beating under all that white. | Style/ Literary Devices Discrimination-But you’ve got beautiful bond hair and big SAFE blue eyes, you should be happy with that, is that clear? Metaphor- Rudy’s dad was telling him he should be glad he is neither black nor Jewish, and be thankful that he has blond hair and blue eyes, Hitler’s preference that kept him safe.Love and Friendship-Like cigarettes and kerosene. Sitting in the water, she imagined the smell of it, mapped out on her papas clothes. More than anything, it was the smell of friendship, and she could find it on herself, too. Liesel loved that smell. She would sniff her arm and smile as the water cooled around her. Metaphor- Liesel loved her papa just as much as he loved her, his scent made her feel safe and she felt comfortable, she loved it. She knew that her papa would keep her safe and they would do anything for each other.|

Euthanasia is Moral Essay -- Argument for Euthanasia

Recent debates over active euthanasia, "killing" a terminally ill patient, in Holland, has raised the question whether euthanasia is immoral or a simple human right. Doctors seem to have no doubt. They made an oath. The definition of Euthanasia depends on whether it is active or passive. Active Euthanasia I only allowed in Holland, and it means that the doctor takes direct measures to put a patient to sleep, whereas passive Euthanasia only involves stopping pill consumption, or stopping treatment. In England, only passive Euthanasia is allowed. Euthanasia touches some of the deepest feelings in human beings. It is the power over life and death, and responsibilities no one wishes to take, have to be taken. This, of cause, leads to the ultimatum, that it is the patient's own choice. But can we allow some one to take their own lives? Doesn't this mean that everyone else around the patient has failed, that more could have been done? From the patient's point of view, a lot of arguments talk in favour of euthanasia. For one, no body wants to be a burden. If a person has had a car accident, which paralyses him from neck and down, and is doomed to sit in a wheelchair for the rest of his life, he knows that he will be 100% dependant on the ones that care for him, his lived ones, forever. It can also be mentioned that the life quality of a terminally ill patient, gets reduced a lot. Never being able to walk again, never being able to talk to your children again, never being able to go shopping, swimming, playing, driving etc. must be terrible for anyone. The whole situation only gets worse, if the patient himself can see that his condition is worsening, and only time keeps his thoughts clear. A third very importa... ... disease by killing the patient, as he believes. It allows the patient to die in peace with no suffering. Steve Forbes calls euthanasia barbaric (31). Isn't it far more barbaric to force someone to suffer rather than helping them to end their misery? Euthanasia is ethical, and physicians should be allowed to assist in it legally. My great-grandfather was terminally ill with cancer. He couldn't eat or sleep, he just laid there, constantly in pain. There was nothing they could do as far as cancer treatment, because his body was too old and weak. So, he suffered for almost 2 months, while we all watched him suffer more and more everyday as he lay there dying. He stated many times how he just wanted to die and didn't want to live anymore. But, we (society) forced him to suffer. This is something that should have never happened and should never happen again.